The Examples Of Preposition

Now we will see the examples of prepositions:

Preposition	Examples
About	I will tell you a story about a tiger.
Above	The plane flies above the clouds.
Across	He walked across the field.
After	After lunch, I shall meet Mr. Jones.
Against	I helped her going against the wishes of my loved ones.
Along	All along the way, he did not speak a word.
Among	The profit was shared among the shareholders.
Around	Due to the snow, we turned around to return home.
At	The land is at war with its neighbor.
Before	She had decided to go home before dark.
Behind	The building is located behind the supermarket.
Below	The temperatures have dipped below freezing point.
Beneath	The water level is beneath the average level.
Beside	The dictionary is beside the Laptop.
Besides	Besides math, I am very fond of physics.
Between	The profit was shared between John, Mike and Diana.
Beyond	The play was beyond my expectations.
But	Everyone but him agreed with the arrangement.
By	A house by the sea, to retire, is my dream
Concerning	He is always curious about anything concerning her.
Despite	Despite the snowfall, she decided to carry on with her journey.
Down	Jake lives down the street.
During	He works during the day and studies at night.
Except	Except her no one has any objections to the plan.
For	I jog for 5 miles everyday.
From	She comes from Indonesia.
In	When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
Inside	Inside the tough exterior, lies a gentle soul.
Into	As soon as she stepped into the room, there was pin drop silence.
Like	She looks like her father.
Minus	Ten minus eight equals two.
Near	They have bought a new home near the school.
Of	A friend of mine recommended the beautician to me.
Off	To regain her lost health, it is important, she stays off her fad diet programs.
On	There is an apple on the table.
Onto	He always climbs onto the table.
Opposite	Her desk is located diagonally opposite my desk.
Out of	Out of sheer curiosity, I asked her the question.
Outside	Outside the house lies a beautiful garden.
Over	The journey cost me way over my budget.
Past	She walked past me, but refused to acknowledge my presence.
Per	What was the per person cost incurred?
Plus	Eight plus six equals fourteen.
Since	She was waiting for him since ten in the morning.
Through	I slept all through the day.
Throughout	Throughout winter, she has been sick.
To	I am going to Atlanta, before I head back home.
Toward (s)	It started raining towards the evening.
Under	The road is under repair.
Underneath	She found her earring underneath the carpet.
Until	I did not get the documents until 5 pm.
Upon	Once upon a time, there lived a king.
Up	I walked up the stairs, to see the problem.
Up to	The decision is up to the both of them.
Versus	The last game was England versus France.
Via	I will go via Sydney.
With	She walked in with her new boyfriend.
Within	She caters to customers within a radius of 5 miles.
Without	I never leave my house without an umbrella, due to the uncertain weather.

By: Unknown On 6:17 PM

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Comparative Degree (perbandingan)

Grammar memberikan nama Comparative untuk mengekspresikan sebuah perbandingan antara orang, benda. atau binatang.

Ada tiga tingkat perbandingan dalam comparative degree :

1. Positive degree (Tingkat positif / biasa)

2. Degree of comparison (derajat perbandingan tingkat ke-2) pada adjective dan adverb

3. Superlative degree (Tingkat terbaik / paling)

1. Positive degree

Perbandingan positif kita gunakan ketika kita berbicara tentang satu orang atau benda.
Contoh :

- The car is expensive

- The tree is big

- He is a tall boy.

Dalam contoh di atas tidak ada perubahan pada adjective (kata sifat) pada kata yang bercetak tebal. Dan benda (noun) yang dibicarakan hanya satu.

2. Comparative degree (degree of comparison)

Dalam perbandingan ini kita membicarakan dua buah benda (noun)  dan membandingkannya satu sama lain.
Contoh :

- The car is more expensive than that one.

- The tree is bigger than that one

- He is taller than his friend

- He is not as tall as his friend

Perhatikan  perubahan pada adjective, ada penambahan -er dan juga penggunaan than dan as....as. Pengertian lebih detail akan saya bahas pada pelajaran tentang comparative berikutnya.

3. Superlative degree

Perbadingan superlatif digunakan ketika kita membicarakan / membandingkan lebih dari dua benda (noun).
Contoh :

- The car is the most expensive in the world.

- The tree is the biggest in the country.

- He is the tallest boy in his school.

Adjective berubah dengan adanya penambahan -est dan most.

Comparative Degree (As.....As)

Comparative degree (membuat perbandingan) dengan As.....As digunakan untuk mengekspresikan bahwa dua bagian yang diperbandingkan adalah sebanding (equal) atau setingkat.

Contoh dalam kalimat :

- John is 175cm . Sonny is also175 cm

- John is as tall as Sonny

Yang perlu diperhatikan dalam kalimat ini adalah dalam menentukan adjective / kata sifat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan perbandingan. Dalam kalimat di atas adjective yang digunakan adalah tall.

Bentuk negatif :

- John is 175 cm. Sonny is 176 cm

- John is not as tall as Sonny.

Bisa juga menggunakan Quite : John is not quite as tall as Sonny. Hal ini digunakan untuk menggambarkan perbandingan yang tidak terlalu jauh bedanya (a small difference).

Untuk menggambarkan perbandingan dengan tingkat perbedaan yang jauh ( a big difference) digunakan not nearly as.....as. Misal dalam kalimat di atas misal tinggi Mike 140 cm. Maka kalimatnya : Mike is 140 cm. He is not nearly as tall as Sonny

Common modifiers :

Untuk menggambarkan bahwa dua hal yang diperbandingkan adalah benar-benar tepat sama / hampir setingkat, common modifiers yang digunakan adalah "Just" dan "nearly/almost"

- Jake is just as tall as John

- Willy is nearly/almost as tall as Sonny

By: Unknown On 12:51 PM

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Apa itu GERUND? dan Fungsinya?

Apa itu Gerund? Gerund adalah kata kerja yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda.

Contoh : I enjoy listening to music.
Listening pada kalimat di atas terbentuk dari kata kerja Listen + ing


Pada kalimat di atas :
I adalah subyek
Enjoy : Predikat  (berupa kata kerja)
Listening : Gerund >>>kata kerja yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda, dalam hal ini listening berposisi sebagai obyek dari kata ENJOY

Penggunaan 'ing" pada pembentukan Gerund memang mirip dengan penggunaan "ing" pada kalimat yang menggunakan Present Progressive / Present Continuous tense.

Pada Present progressive : I am listening to the music right now . Pada kalimat di samping "am listening" menyatakan suatu pekerjaan yang sedang dilakukan sekarang.

Jadi perbedaannya sebagai berikut :
Gerund :  Subyek + Kata kerja + gerund (kata kerja+ing) >>> obyek dari kata kerja
Present Progressive : Subyek + to be (am, is , are) + kata kerja + ing

Bagaimana Gerund digunakan ? Gerund umumnya digunakan setelah kata kerja sebagai berikut :

ENJOY : I enjoy eating sea food
FINISH : I finished studying at midnight
STOP : She stopped running two hours ago
QUIT : Don't stop learning English
MIND : Would You mind helping her mother ?
POSTPONE : I postpone doing my homework
PUT OFF : I put off doing my homework
KEEP : Keep studying, don't quit learning
KEEP ON : Keep on training, it will be Ur time.
CONSIDER : She consider going to England
THINK ABOUT : I'm thinking about writing a book.
DISCUSS : They discussed buying a new car
TALK ABOUT : He talked about moving the office.

Contoh bentuk negatif dari GERUND : She consider not going to England.

Gerund sebagai Subyek dan Penggunan “It”

Kali ini kita akan mempelajari penggunaan Gerund sebagai subyek, dan bagaimana menuliskannya dalam bentuk lain menggunakan kata ganti It + infinitif. Sebagai berikut.

Contoh :

Gerund sebagai Subyek : Playing tennis is fun
* Playing adalah gerund yang berposisi atau berepran sebagai subyek dalam kalimat ini.

Kalimat ini dan pengertiannya dapat kita tuliskan dalam bentuk lain, yaitu menggunakan IT + infinitif, tanpa mengubah artinya :


- IT is fun to play tennis

Perubahannya adalah sebagai berikut : kata ganti IT mempunyai arti yang sama dengan / menggantikan to play tennis. 

To play tennis adalah bentuk infinitif (to + verb) di mana verb yang digunakan tidak mempunyai bentuk waktu, selalu dalam bentuk simple, jadi tidak ada infinitif yang menggunakan kata kerja bentuk ke-2 atau ke-3, seperti to played, to went, to bought dsb.

Dengan munculnya IT, maka gerund bisa berubah bentuk menjadi to infinitif, dalam contoh kalimat di atas Playing tennis menjadi to play tennis. 

Bisa melihat mekanismenya ? Kalau belum coba dibaca lagi :)

Beberapa contoh lain :

- Is learning english is difficult ? >>>> menggunakan is, karena gerund selalu tunggal. tidak pernah berbentuk jamak.

- It is difficult to learn English

- Having a cold is not much fun

- It is not much fun to have a cold

- Learning a second language takes a long time

- It takes a long time to learn a second language

Cobalah mengerjakan beberapa latihan di bawah ini :

1. Learning about other cultures is interseting. It......................
2. Writing English is more difficult than speaking English. It...............
3. Riding motorcycle is easy. It.................
4. It is easy to cook rice. >>> .......ing..........
5. It is relaxing to take a long walk. >>>>

keep learning and trying, don’t afraid to fail because failure is a part of success.

By: Unknown On 12:18 PM

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Countable Nouns Vs. Uncountable Nouns

 

Countable Nouns

Can be counted as one or more.

 · pen, computer, bottle, spoon, desk, cup, television, chair, shoe, finger, flower, camera, stick, balloon, book, table, comb, hat, article, etc.

Take an s to form the plural.

· pens, computers, bottles, spoons, keys, cups, televisions, chairs, shoes, fingers, flowers, cameras, sticks, balloons, books, tables, combs, etc.

Work with expressions such as (a few, few, many, some, every, each, these, and the number of).

· a few pens, a few computers, many bottles, some spoons, every desk, each cup, these televisions, the number of chairs, a few shoes, a few fingers, many flowers, some cameras, every stick, each balloon, these books, the number of tables, many combs, etc.

Work with appropriate articles (a, an, or the).

· a pen, the computer, a bottle, the spoon, a desk, the cup, a television, the chair, a shoe, the finger, a flower,  the camera, a stick, the balloon, a book, the table, a comb, etc.

Do NOT work with much (for example, you would never say much pens or much computers).

Uncountable Nouns

Cannot be counted (uncountable). They usually express a group or a type.

· air, water, wood, ice, sand, sugar, oxygen, English, traffic, milk, wine, sugar, rice, meat, flour, soccer, sunshine, etc.

Generally cannot be pluralized.

Work both with and without an article (a, an, or the), depending on the context of the sentence.

· Sugar is sweet.

· The sunshine is beautiful.

· I drink milk.

· He eats rice.

Work with expressions such as (some, any, enough, this, that, and much).

· We ate some rice and milk.

· This meat is good.

· She does not speak much Spanish.

· Do you see any traffic on the road?

· That wine is very old.

Do NOT work with expressions such as (these, those, every, each, either, or neither).

By: Unknown On 9:08 PM

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